In India, figs (Ficus carica) also known Anjeer are enjoyed in various forms and celebrated for their unique flavour and health benefits. Fresh figs are often eaten as a healthy snack or added to fruit salads since they have a natural sweetness. They are also dried, a common practice that enhances their shelf life, making them a popular ingredient in desserts, sweet dishes, and festive treats.
Video Credit: Garden Ideas
In traditional Indian sweets, dried figs are often ground and incorporated into energy balls, ladoos, or halwas, offering a nutritious boost. They are frequently mixed with nuts and other dried fruits for a wholesome snack or used as a topping for yoghurt and smoothies.
Figs are also valued for their medicinal properties in Ayurvedic practices, believed to aid digestion and promote overall wellness. The leaves of the fig tree are sometimes used in traditional cooking, imparting a unique flavour to dishes. In regional cuisines figs also find their way into savoury dishes, combining them with spices and legumes to create balanced meals
The first step in growing figs is selecting the appropriate variety for your climate. In India, some popular fig varieties include, Black Mission which is known for its sweet, dark purple fruit, this variety thrives in warmer climates and is quite hardy. There is also Brown Turkey, a versatile variety with a rich flavour, making it popular among home gardeners. It adapts well to different soil types.
Kadota is a green fig variety known for its mild flavour and is often used in desserts and jams and Violette de Bordeaux is popular for its rich taste and sweetness. This variety can withstand cooler temperatures, making it suitable for regions with mild winters. Consider your local climate and growing conditions when choosing a fig variety. Consulting local agricultural experts or nurseries can also help you make an informed decision.
Photo Credit: Unsplash
Planting Figs
The best time to plant figs in India is during the late spring or early summer, ideally from March to June, when temperatures are warm. Choose a sunny spot for planting, as figs need full sunlight for at least six to eight hours a day. Good sunlight exposure promotes fruit development and ensures healthy growth. Figs do well in well-draining soil that is rich in organic matter. You can improve soil fertility by adding compost or well-rotted manure before planting.
Dig a hole that is twice the size of the root ball of the fig tree. Place the tree in the center, ensuring that the top of the root ball is level with the soil surface. Fill the hole with soil, gently patting it down, and water thoroughly. If you are planting multiple trees, ensure they are spaced about 10 to 15 feet apart to allow for adequate air circulation and growth.
Caring For The Fig Tree
Figs require consistent moisture, especially during the growing season. However, overwatering can lead to root rot. After planting, water the fig tree deeply to establish the roots. Water the tree every week, allowing the top few inches of soil to dry out between watering sessions. During hotter months, you may need to water more frequently. Apply a layer of mulch around the base of the tree to retain soil moisture and suppress weeds. Organic mulches like straw or wood chips work well.
Photo Credit: Unsplash
Use a balanced fertiliser during planting. After the first year, apply fertiliser in early spring and again in mid-summer. Follow the manufacturer’s instructions for dosage, as too much fertiliser can harm the plant. Pruning fig trees helps maintain their shape, encourages new growth, and increases fruit production.
Cut back any dead or diseased branches to improve airflow and reduce the risk of disease. Remove any overly crowded branches and shape the tree to allow sunlight to penetrate the center. Aim to maintain an open canopy for better fruit production. To promote new fruiting wood, consider cutting back older branches that have not produced fruit in recent years.
While figs are relatively resistant to pests and diseases, Aphids, spider mites, and fruit flies may occasionally infest fig trees. Use insecticidal soap or neem oil to control these pests. Maintain good hygiene around the tree by removing fallen leaves and debris, which can harbour pests and diseases.
Photo Credit: Unsplash
Harvesting Figs
Figs are typically ready to harvest from late summer, depending on the variety. Look for figs that have turned a deep colour, indicating ripeness. Ripe figs should feel slightly soft to the touch. When gently tugged, ripe figs should come off the tree easily. Use scissors or garden shears to avoid damaging the tree. Handle figs gently to prevent bruising.
Storing Figs
Fresh figs are highly perishable. Store them in the refrigerator to extend their shelf life. Place them in a shallow container lined with paper towels to absorb excess moisture. Cover loosely with plastic wrap or a lid to allow air circulation. Do not wash fresh figs until you're ready to eat them, as excess moisture can promote mould growth.
Photo Credit: Unsplash
Dried figs can be stored in a cool, dry place, away from direct sunlight. A pantry or cupboard works well. Use an airtight container, such as a glass jar or a resealable plastic bag, to keep dried figs fresh. This prevents them from absorbing moisture and odours.