Custard apple, also known as Sita phal, sugar apple or cherimoya, is a deliciously sweet sub-tropical fruit. Introduced to India from tropical America, it is now widely found in wild forms across the country. Cultivated in states like Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra, Karnataka, Bihar, Orissa, Assam, and Tamil Nadu, the custard apple is cherished for its unique creamy flavour and versatility in Indian kitchens. It is also popular in countries such as China, the Philippines, Egypt, and Central Africa.
Growing custard apples at home is relatively easy, making it an attractive option for gardeners. The process involves simple steps and minimal care, making it accessible even for beginners. Whether you have a spacious garden or a small balcony, custard apple trees can thrive and yield delicious fruits with proper care and attention.
How To Grow Custard Apples At Home?
Seed Collection
To start, collect custard apple seeds. Break open the fruit and pick through the flesh to find the seeds. Wash off any clinging flesh to avoid rot. Dry the seeds on paper towels and store them in a glass jar until planting.
Soil And Container Preparation
Custard apple seeds need well-draining soil. Prepare a pot with a mix of potting soil and river sand. Ensure the container has good drainage to prevent waterlogging, which can cause fungal infections.
Seed Preparation For Germination
Custard apple seeds are hard and require preparation. Soak the seeds in water at room temperature for four days. Discard any floating seeds, as they are not viable. After soaking, let the seeds air-dry on a paper towel.
Sowing The Seeds
Fill a pot with well-draining soil, leaving the top inch empty. Sow the seeds about 1 inch deep, keeping a 2-inch separation between them. Water well and place the pot in indirect sunlight. Maintain soil moisture, ensuring a humid and warm environment for germination.
Seed Germination
Custard apple seeds germinate quickly within a temperature range of 18 to 25°C (64 to 77 °F). It takes about three weeks for seeds to sprout. When seedlings reach a height of 3 to 4 inches, they are ready for transplanting.
Transplanting Seedlings
Carefully remove the seedlings from the pot, ensuring not to damage the roots. Plant the saplings in a larger pot or directly in the garden with well-draining soil. Add river sand and compost to the potting mix. Keep the transplanted saplings in indirect sunlight until they establish a strong root system.
Plant Care
Custard apple trees prefer deep, rich, and well-drained soil. They thrive in tropical climates. Regular watering is essential, especially during active growth and flowering periods. However, avoid over-watering to prevent root rot.
Watering And Fertilising
Water custard apple trees regularly when they are actively growing and flowering. During the flowering and fruit development stages, consistent watering ensures better fruit quality and higher yields. Fertilise with organic fertilisers and prune the tree in the spring to encourage healthy growth.
Pests And Diseases
Custard apple trees are relatively hardy and resistant to serious pests and diseases. However, aphids and mealy worms can occasionally be a problem. Neem oil and other herbal preparations can help control these pests without chemicals.
Harvesting
Custard apple fruits take up to six months to mature on the tree. The colour of the skin between the segments changes from green to cream, indicating ripeness. Cut the fruit stem with secateurs, leaving a small stub to prevent disease entry.
Growing custard apples at home is an enjoyable and rewarding process. With proper care and attention, you can enjoy the sweet and nutritious fruits right from your garden or balcony. Following these steps ensures a healthy and fruitful custard apple tree.